Assessing the Efficacy of DEFINITY®, Lumason®, Sonazoid®, and OPTISON® in Bladder Phantom Pressure SHAPE Measurements: A Necessary Step Toward Clinical Evaluation
ePoster
Authors: Sophia Yeras, Michigan Medicine Kourosh Kalayeh, University of Michigan J. Brian Fowlkes, University of Michigan Amy Chen, Chemical Engineering William Schultz, University of Michigan Bryan Sack, Michigan Medicine ,
A cystometrogram (CMG) is a part of a urodynamic test to measure bladder filling and voiding pressures. However, during the CMG test an indwelling urethral catheter occludes the urethra which causes non-physiologically elevated voiding pressure measurements. In this study we use ambient pressure-dependent acoustic properties of ultrasound contrast microbubbles (MBs) to measure bladder phantom pressure catheter-free, through a novel methodology known as subharmonic-aided pressure estimation (SHAPE). We test the four commercially available agents in the USA in the context of SHAPE for bladder phantom pressure measurement. We use MB stability, SHAPE linear correlation with ambient pressure, sensitivity, and its error in measuring pressure as the criteria for performance. We show DEFINITY® and Lumason® outperformed the other agents.